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C in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel to 1
10
cyclesToyota, Kodai; Imagawa, Yuya; Onizawa, Takashi; Kato, Shoichi; Furuya, Yoshiyuki*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 89(928), p.23-00206_1 - 23-00206_15, 2023/12
In order to design fast reactors, it is necessary to consider high cycle fatigue of structural materials up to 110
cycles; to evaluate high cycle fatigue at 110 cycles, it is necessary to develop a best-fit fatigue curve applicable up to 110 cycles. In this study, high cycle fatigue tests were conducted under strain-controlled conditions and ultrasonic fatigue tests were also conducted to develop a high cycle fatigue evaluation method for Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel, which is a candidate material for fast reactor structural materials. Based on the test results, the best-fit fatigue curves were extended and the applicability of the JSME best-fit fatigue curves up to 110 cycles was verified.
Machida, Hideo*; Arakawa, Manabu*; Wakai, Takashi
Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2019/05
This paper describes the effect of local plastic component on J-integral and crack opening displacement (COD) evaluation of a circumferential penetrated crack, applicable to the leak before break (LBB) assessment for sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) components. J-integral COD evaluation methods are generally formulated as a summation of elastic and plastic components, and so far many evaluation formulae based on these two components have been proposed. However, strictly, the plastic component consists of local plastic and fully plastic components. Many of the conventional evaluation methods often consider only the fully plastic component as the plastic component. The reason for this is that the effect of the local plastic component is much smaller than that of the fully plastic component excluding materials with extremely small work hardening. In contrast, for materials with high yield stress and small work hardening, such as modified 9Cr-1Mo steel which is one of the candidate materials for SFR piping, the effect of the local plastic component on J-integral and COD cannot be ignored. Therefore, the authors propose formulae taking the effect of local plastic component on J-integral and COD into account, based on finite element analysis (FEA) results, so that it is easy to apply to crack evaluation. The formulae will be employed in the guidelines on LBB assessment for SFR components published from Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME).
Kanayama, Hideyuki*; Hiyoshi, Noritake*; Ogawa, Fumio*; Kawabata, Mie*; Ito, Takamoto*; Wakai, Takashi
Zairyo, 68(5), p.421 - 428, 2019/05
This study presents creep damage assessment method for Mod. 9Cr-1Mo steel by sampling creep testing with thin plate specimen. Tensile creep rupture tests were performed using three different sizes of specimen under two different test environments to verify the creep testing with the thin plate specimen. Time to rupture of Mod. 9Cr-1Mo steel using three different sizes were almost same. In addition, there was no effect of environment on time to rupture. Pre-damaged thin plate specimens were machined from a bulk specimen's gage section that pre-damage test was performed with. Pre-damage based on life fraction rule were 8%, 16% and 25%. No effect of the process of machining pre-damaged specimen on time to rupture was confirmed by verification tests in same test condition as pre-damage test. Stress acceleration creep rupture tests were performed to estimate creep damage assessment. Creep damage assessment by stress acceleration creep rupture tests was sufficiently accurate estimate. Creep damage assessments by Vickers hardness and lath width were compared with the assessment by stress acceleration creep rupture tests to study applicability of these methods.
Wakai, Takashi; Machida, Hideo*; Arakawa, Manabu*; Yanagihara, Seiji*; Suzuki, Ryosuke*; Matsubara, Masaaki*
Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/07
This paper studies crack opening displacement (COD) evaluation methods used in Leak-Before-Break (LBB) assessment of Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) pipe. For SFR pipe, the continuous leak monitoring will be adopted as an alternative to a volumetric test of the weld joints under conditions that satisfy LBB. The sodium pipes are made of ASME Gr.91 (modified 9Cr-1Mo steel). Thickness of the pipes is small, because the internal pressure is very small. Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel has a relatively large yield stress and small work hardening coefficient comparing to the austenitic stainless steels which are currently used in the conventional plants. In order to assess the LBB behavior of the sodium pipes made of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, the coolant leak rate from a through wall crack must be estimated properly. Since the leak rate is strongly related to the crack opening displacement (COD), an appropriate COD assessment method must be established to perform LBB assessment. However, COD assessment method applicable for SFR pipes - having thin wall thickness and made of small work hardening material - has not been proposed yet. Thus, a COD assessment method applicable to such a pipe was proposed in this study. In this method, COD was calculated by classifying the components of COD; elastic, local plastic and fully plastic. In addition, the verification of this method was performed by comparing with the results of a series of four-point bending tests using modified 9Cr-1Mo steel pipe having a circumferential through wall notch. As a result, in some cases, COD were over-estimated especially for large cracks. Although the elastic component of COD is still over-estimated for large cracks, leak evaluation from small cracks is much more important in LBB assessment. Therefore, this study recommends that only the elastic component of COD should be adopted in LBB assessment of SFR pipes.
Wakai, Takashi; Machida, Hideo*; Arakawa, Manabu*; Kikuchi, Koichi*
Proceedings of ASME Symposium on Elevated Temperature Applications of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries, 7 Pages, 2018/04
A simplified J-integral evaluation method applicable to unstable failure analysis in Leak Before Break (LBB) assessment of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) in Japan was proposed. Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel is supposed to be a candidate material for the coolant systems of SFR in Japan. This steel has relatively high yield strength and poor fracture toughness comparing to those of conventional austenitic stainless steels. In addition, SFR pipe has small thickness and large diameter. As a J-integral evaluation method for circumferential through-wall crack in a cylinder, EPRI has proposed a fully plastic solution method. However, the geometry of SFR pipe and material characteristics of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel exceed the applicable range of EPRI's method. Therefore, a series of elastic, elasto-plastic and plastic finite element analyses (FEA) were performed for a pipe with a circumferential through-wall crack to propose a J-integral evaluation method applicable to such loading conditions. J-integrals obtained from the FEA were resolved into elastic, local plastic and fully plastic components. Each component was expressed as a function of analytical parameter, such as pipe geometries, crack size, material characteristics and so on. As a result, a simplified J-integral evaluation method was proposed. The method enables to conduct 2 parameter failure analysis using J-integral without any fracture mechanics knowledge.
Onizawa, Takashi; Nagae, Yuji; Kato, Shoichi; Wakai, Takashi
Zairyo, 66(2), p.122 - 129, 2017/02
The applicability of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (ASME Grade 91 steel) as the main structural material in advanced loop-type sodium cooled fast reactor has been explored to enhance the safety, the credibility and the economic competitiveness of fast reactor plants. It is well-known that the steel exhibits cyclic softening behavior. Decrease of tensile and creep strength in softened materials has been already reported by other researchers. This paper discusses the relationship between cyclic softening conditions and high temperature material properties. Grade 91 steel was softened by repeat of plastic strain. The softening behavior could be evaluated by the index of the softening rate. Decrease of tensile and creep strength in softened materials can be evaluated by the softening rate and it depends on the cyclic softening conditions.
Wakai, Takashi; Machida, Hideo*; Sato, Kenichiro*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai M&M 2015 Zairyo Rikigaku Kanfarensu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 3 Pages, 2015/11
This paper describes a through-wall crack length evaluation procedure applicable to Leak Before Break (LBB) assessment of Japan Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) pipes made of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel. In LBB assessment of JSFR pipes, it is required to calculate virtual through-wall crack length, though the crack growth is quite small under design condition. Generally, it is known that the through-wall crack length depends on loading condition, namely the load ratio between tensile and bending and that the length under pure bending load condition is largest. This study proposes a simplified method to evaluate the through-wall crack length both for axial and circumferential cracks as a function of load ratio and fatigue crack growth characteristics. Using the method, through-wall crack length can be predicted as far as we know the loading condition and material properties.
Wakai, Takashi; Machida, Hideo*; Arakawa, Manabu*; Sato, Kenichiro*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai 2015-Nendo Nenji Taikai Koen Rombunshu (DVD-ROM), 5 Pages, 2015/09
This paper describes a J-integral evaluation procedure applicable to unstable failure analysis for a circumferential through wall crack in a pipe. Japan Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) pipes are made of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel. The fracture toughness of the material is inferior to that of conventional austenitic stainless steels. In addition, JSFR pipe has small thickness and large diameter and displacement controlled load is predominant. Therefore, the load balance in such piping system changes by crack extension and 2 parameter method using J-integral is applicable to unstable failure analysis for the pipes under such conditions. As a J-integral evaluation method for circumferential through wall crack in a cylinder, EPRI has proposed a fully plastic solution method. However, the geometry of JSFR pipe and material characteristics of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel exceed the applicable range of EPRI's method. Therefore, a series of elastic, elastoplastic and plastic finite element analyses (FEA) were performed for a pipe with a circumferential through-wall crack to establish a J-integral evaluation method applicable to such conditions. J-integrals obtained from the FEA were resolved into elastic, local plastic and fully plastic components. Each component was expressed as a function of analytical parameter, such as pipe geometries, crack size, material characteristics and so on. As a result, a simplified J-integral evaluation method was proposed.
Machida, Hideo*; Wakai, Takashi; Sato, Kenichiro*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai 2015-Nendo Nenji Taikai Koen Rombunshu (DVD-ROM), 5 Pages, 2015/09
The volumetric test for piping in a sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) is difficult from the poor accessibility. Detection of a crack, therefore, is difficult before its penetration of a pipe wall, an SFR has a strategy to detect sodium leakage from a through wall crack before fracture of a pipe. Plant safety is ensured by shutting down a plant as soon as possible to detect small quantity of sodium leakage even if a crack penetrates a pipe wall. Consequently, it is important to ensure establishment of leakage-before-break (LBB) in this strategy. Effects of fracture resistance curve on fracture strength of a cracked pipe made of high chromium steel (Mod. 9Cr-1Mo steel), which is one of the candidates for fast reactor piping material, are evaluated in this study; and requirements for fracture resistance curve to achieve the LBB were proposed.
Wakai, Takashi; Machida, Hideo*; Arakawa, Manabu*; Yoshida, Shinji*; Yanagihara, Seiji*; Suzuki, Ryosuke*; Matsubara, Masaaki*; Enuma, Yasuhiro*
no journal, ,
Kanayama, Hideyuki; Nagae, Yuji; Onizawa, Takashi; Wakai, Takashi; Imo, Kazumichi*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Kanayama, Hideyuki; Hiyoshi, Noritake*; Ogawa, Fumio*; Ito, Takamoto*; Wakai, Takashi
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Okamoto, Masayuki*; Nakayama, Yuta*; Ogawa, Fumio*; Hashidate, Ryuta; Hiyoshi, Noritake*; Wakai, Takashi; Ito, Takamoto*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Ogawa, Fumio*; Imagawa, Yuya; Hashidate, Ryuta; Hiyoshi, Noritake*; Ito, Takamoto*
no journal, ,
In recent years, the demand for environmental protection has led to a trend toward shorter startup and shutdown intervals in thermal power plants. In fast breeder reactors (FBRs), more stringent operating environments (temperature and sodium environment) are also being considered. Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is used in thermal power plants and fast breeder reactors because of its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. In actual machines, Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is used in a creep-fatigue type with complex stress conditions, which may cause more damage than the uniaxial condition, so it is necessary to measure the multiaxial creep-fatigue life and establish a life evaluation method. In this study, axial and torsional multiaxial creep-fatigue tests were conducted in 550C air to accumulate property data and to evaluate the life. The results will be described later, but the strain rate and retention time dependence showed peculiarities different from those in the past. Next, the strain energy corresponding to the hysteresis loop area between stress and strain was calculated to evaluate the life, and the same energy was theorized to compare the actual and theoretical life. Specifically, a new life evaluation method based on strain energy was studied, which can evaluate the peculiar strain rate, retention time dependence, and multiaxial state observed in the proportional loading test.
Ogawa, Fumio*; Imagawa, Yuya; Hashidate, Ryuta; Wakai, Takashi; Hiyoshi, Noritake*; Ito, Takamoto*
no journal, ,
Multiaxial creep-fatigue tests in tension and torsion were performed on Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel at 550C. Specificity was observed with respect to strain rate and retention time dependence, indicating that creep-fatigue life is governed by the maximum stress and the degree of stress relaxation. The hysteresis energy was calculated and the lifetime was organized considering the effect of non-proportional loading. Specifically, the mechanism of hysteresis onset was examined, and the energy formulation was made considering the hardening index and relaxation stress. Although the life evaluation has been organized with coefficients of 2.9 and 2.2, this study was conducted with the goal of first organizing the life evaluation with a coefficient of 2.
Onizawa, Takashi; Toyota, Kodai; Imagawa, Yuya; Okajima, Satoshi; Ando, Masanori
no journal, ,
In order to realize a fast reactor that achieves both safety and economic efficiency at a high level, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is developing the material strength standard for fast reactor design. JAEA has developed the material strength standard based on the acquired data and its evaluation results, and the standard have been incorporated in the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) code, Rules on the Design and Construction of Nuclear Power Plants, Section II, Fast Reactors (JSME D&C FRs Code). This paper describes the standard that recently incorporated in the JSME D&C FRs code and ongoing studies for improvements in the near future.
Toyota, Kodai; Imagawa, Yuya; Onizawa, Takashi
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Imagawa, Yuya; Toyota, Kodai; Onizawa, Takashi
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
